概念隐喻及其表达式的认知语境研究

认知语境是一种概念化了的知识结构状态,它对话语意义的理解具有重要意义。概念隐喻在认知语言学中被认为是一种认知机制或认知模式,它是对日常隐喻语言的概括和总结,它具有概括性、系统性和生成性等特点。隐喻映射是始源域和目标域之间一种本体对应的关系,而映射过程中认知语境对＂蕴涵＂选择的限定功能确证了概念隐喻及其表达式的生成及其理解过程是在认知语境的共同参与下完成的,同时认知语境对概念隐喻及其表达式的理解有一定的制约作用。     

客户知识管理系统的应用研究

随着信息经济时代的到来,客户成为企业的重要资源。有效地利用客户的知识,不仅可以使客户关系管理更加符合顾客的要求,也使企业的发展更加贴近市场的要求。为此,探讨了客户知识管理的过程,同时用客户知识管理系统的方式描述这一过程,并建立一个客户知识应用系统模型,以有效管理和应用收集而来的客户知识。     

有关土地测绘质量问题和处理研究

文章就土地测绘的内涵解析作为切入点,浅要论述了土地测绘质量问题的影响因素,并就土地测绘质量问题影响因素的处理提出了一些浅薄的建议。以期促进我国土地测绘质量的提升。     

爆裂玉米3个膨爆特性的非条件和条件QTL分析

膨化倍数(PF)、膨化体积(PV)和爆花率(PR)是爆裂玉米的主要品质指标。本研究以普通玉米自交系丹232和爆裂玉米自交系N04杂交构建的259个F2:3家系为定位群体,采用完全随机区组设计在郑州夏播条件下测定了3个膨爆特性指标。利用覆盖玉米10条染色体的183对多态性分子标记构建连锁图,采用复合区间作图(CIM)方法对各性状进行非条件QTL定位分析,采用条件遗传统计软件对PF进行条件QTL分析。3个膨爆特性指标非条件QTL定位共检测出31个QTL,单个QTL的贡献率为3.09%￣12.46%,累计贡献率为51.90%、77.37%和61.45%。在8个标记区间(占42.11%)同时检测到控制2￣3个性状的QTL。加性和部分显性在膨爆特性的遗传中起主要作用,同时存在显性和超显性基因效应。条件QTL定位结果表明,PV和PR以不同方式显著影响PF的QTL表达,PV比PR更重要。     

Chromosomal location of a gene (Rkn-mnl) for resistance to the root-knot nematode transferred into wheat from Aegilops variabilis

Root-knot nematode is a significant root-parasite of common wheat. A dominant gene Rkn-mnl for resistance was transferred into wheat from Acgilops variabilis. This gene was shown to be on chromosome 3B. Further analysis indicated that it is on the long arm of this chromosome and independent of the centromere.     

不同生长环境下水稻穗抽出度3个相关性状QTL定位研究

在3个生长环境下种植水稻Nipponbare/Kasalath//Nipponbare 回交重组自交系（backcross inbred lines,BILs）98个家系(BC1F12和BC1F13)及其亲本,调查剑叶叶鞘长度、最上节间长和包颈长度,运用复合区间作图方法（CIM）,在全基因组5％显著水平上,对这3个性状进行了QTL分析。结果表明,共检测到3个剑叶叶鞘长度性状的QTL,分布于第1、3、4染色体,解释表型变异的12.83%~18.50%;qFLL-1位点在3个环境中均被检测到,增效等位基因来自Nipponbare,qFLL-3和qFLL-4位点在单个环境中被检测到,增效等位基因均来自Kasalath。共检测到3个最上节间长度性状的QTL,分别位于第1、3、6染色体,解释表型变异的5.64%~14.18%;qUIL-6位点在3个环境中都被检测到,增效等位基因来自Nipponbare,其余2个QTL均在2个环境中被检测到,增效等位基因均来自Kasalath。共检测到4个包颈长度性状的QTL,分布于第1、3、5、10染色体,解释表型变异的6.8%~17.76%;qPEL-10在3个环境中均被检测到,qPEL-5在两个环境中被检测到,这两个位点增效等位基因来自Nipponbare,其余2个位点分别在单个环境中被检测到,增效等位基因均来自Kasalath。     

Characterization and genetic mapping of eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), a cutin deficient barley mutant with impaired leaf water retention capacity

The cuticle covers the aerial parts of land plants, where it serves many important functions, including water retention. Here, a recessive cuticle mutant, eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) showed abnormally glossy spikes, sheaths, and leaves. The cer-ym mutant plant detached from its root system was hypersensitive to desiccation treatment compared with wild type plants, and detached leaves of mutant lost 41.8% of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration under laboratory conditions, while that of the wild type plants lost only 7.1%. Stomata function was not affected by the mutation, but the mutant leaves showed increased cuticular permeability to water, suggesting a defective leaf cuticle, which was confirmed by toluidine blue staining. The mutant leaves showed a substantial reduction in the amounts of the major cutin monomers and a slight increase in the main wax component, suggesting that the enhanced cuticle permeability was a consequence of cutin deficiency. cer-ym was mapped within a 0.8 cM interval between EST marker {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AK370363","term_id":"326489160","term_text":"AK370363"}}AK370363 and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AK251484","term_id":"151420132","term_text":"AK251484"}}AK251484, a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H. The results indicate that the desiccation sensitivity of cer-ym is caused by a defect in leaf cutin, and that cer-ym is located in a chromosome 4H pericentromeric region.     

Application of biotechnology in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress

Summary Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is produced throughout the world and is highly valued as a high protein food. Several abiotic stresses are important to lentil yields world wide and include drought, heat, salt susceptibility and iron deficiency. The biotic stresses are numerous and include: susceptibility to Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis; Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum; Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum; Sclerotinia white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; rust, caused by Uromyces fabae; and numerous aphid transmitted viruses. Lentil is also highly susceptible to several species of Orabanche prevalent in the Mediterranean region, for which there does not appear to be much resistance in the germplasm. Plant breeders and geneticists have addressed these stresses by identifying resistant/tolerant germplasm, determining the genetics involved and the genetic map positions of the resistant genes. To this end progress has been made in mapping the lentil genome and several genetic maps are available that eventually will lead to the development of a consensus map for lentil. Marker density has been limited in the published genetic maps and there is a distinct lack of co-dominant markers that would facilitate comparisons of the available genetic maps and efficient identification of markers closely linked to genes of interest. Molecular breeding of lentil for disease resistance genes using marker assisted selection, particularly for resistance to Ascochyta blight and Anthracnose, is underway in Australia and Canada and promising results have been obtained. Comparative genomics and synteny analyses with closely related legumes promises to further advance the knowledge of the lentil genome and provide lentil breeders with additional genes and selectable markers for use in marker assisted selection. Genomic tools such as macro and micro arrays, reverse genetics and genetic transformation are emerging technologies that may eventually be available for use in lentil crop improvement.     

Mapping polygenes for tuber resistance to late blight in a diploid Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum hybrid population

Potato tuber blight is a disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Due to the significant economic impact of this disease, introgression of durable resistance into the cultivated potato is one of the top priorities of breeding programmes worldwide. Though numerous resistance loci against this devastating disease have already been mapped, most of the detected loci are contributing towards foliar resistance while specific information on tuber resistance is limited. To identify the genetic components of tuber resistance and its relationship to foliar resistance and plant maturity we have investigated the host‐pathogen interaction in a segregating diploid hybrid Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum family. Mature tubers from this mapping family were inoculated with a sporangial suspension of P. infestans (US‐8 clonal lineage) and evaluated for lesion expansion. No significant correlation was detected between late blight resistance in foliage and tubers, and between plant maturity and tuber resistance. Four chromosomal regions were significantly associated with tuber resistance to the disease. The largest effect was detected near the marker locus PSC (LOD 10.7) located on chromosome 10. This locus explained about 63% of the total phenotypic variation of the trait. The other three resistance‐related loci were mapped on chromosomes 8 (GP1282, LOD 4.4), 6 (CP18, LOD 4.0) and 2 (CP157, LOD 3.8). None of the four tuber resistance loci coincides with the foliage resistance loci detected in this same family. Tuber blight resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 2, 8 and 10 are distinct from the maturity QTLs and have an additive effect on tuber resistance. These results indicate that different genes are involved in foliar and tuber resistance to P. infestans in the present family and that some of the resistance genes might be associated with late maturity.